Emergency Management in US

Executive Summary After the 9-11 terrorist attack, the National Commission on Terrorism attack did an extensive investigation to look for security loopholes and address inadequacies in the intelligence community, federal and local governments (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emergency Management in US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although most parts of the report put a lot of emphasis on intelligence failures, some parts of the recommendations report focused on weakness about emergency response and preparedness unit. Even though the commission paid tribute and congratulated those who helped in responding to the September 11, 2001 disaster (responders), especially the firefighters, police, and the public in general, the recommendation argued that most government units were to blame for not having an adequate plan in place to deal with emergency of such magnitude. To h elp in making a secured future and planning adequately for any emergency, the 9-11 commission made three major recommendations to help in areas emergency response and preparedness. First, the commission proposed for adoption and implementation of ICS nationwide, which would be effective in coordination and communication among various units. Secondly, the commission requested the Congress to pass a legislation that would ensure implementation of mutual aid in all states and their jurisdiction. Lastly, yet very important, the commission requested Department of Homeland security (DHS) to facilitate the implementation of ANS emergency policies in all private sectors to reduce vulnerability. This three major recommendations and others are very necessary and there implementation is good for national security. Emergence Management After the destructive September 9, 2001terrorism attack in the US soil, the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks carried out an extensive study to indentify security loopholes in order to develop a sustainable solution for safety of American citizens (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). In that attack, quite a large number of individuals (in thousands) were saved although many people lost lives in what is considered to have been caused by inefficient emergency management unit. It is argued that many people lost lives because standard emergency and safety measures were not set in place adequately.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To correct the inefficiencies indentified and ensure that such a situation would not happen in the future, the â€Å"9/11 commission† report made some recommendations to be adopted. This paper will discuss the report or recommendations prepared by National Commission on Terrorist Attack and assess whether the proposed changes were necessary and justifiable. Discussion In general, the recom mendations and changes proposed by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks (9/11 commission) were made in concern to the security issues facing the US (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). The proposals were made on the principles that, there was a need to improve and develop a national emergency squad that would be the ability to handle any form of disaster, be it natural or man-made. After the commission released its recommendations to the public, immediately, a debate rose concerning all the major changes proposed. In this paper, both the implications and consequences of implementing the proposed changes will be assessed in a careful manner. The proposals made by the â€Å"9/11 Commission† put a lot of emphasizes on the need to develop the intelligence community of the US in an attempt to tighten security of the nation for the safety of American citizens (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). In addition to developing the intelligence unit, the commission m ade a number of recommendations to improve the emergency response unit so as to enhance more efficiency. This would be made possible by adopting â€Å"use of standard modes of organization, legislation, and planning† (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks).The commission concluded that actions taken by citizens, public safety personnel, and other departments in managing the â€Å"horrific event† were to be admired as they played a big role in saving human lives. On the other hand, the commission argued that the disaster had been very intense due to poor or insufficient preparation, lack of proper organization among different units, and lack of sufficient technological capacity. According to the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks (NCTA), the horrific terrorist attack on 9/11 proved that even the strongest emergency response unit could easily be shaken if the attack is of an immense magnitude. Because of this particular crisis, the commission saw the need to imp rove emergency response unit both in the federal and local governments. In order to assess whether the recommendations or changes proposed were necessary, it is imperative to have an overview of the commission’s findings.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emergency Management in US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Commission’s recommendations As a measure to ensure development of a strong emergency response unit, the 9/11 commission made the following three major recommendations. Foremost, â€Å"the emergency response agencies nationwide should adopt the Incident Command System (ICS)† (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). Where multiple security bodies are involved, the report recommended that such agencies should adopt and implement a unified command (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). The commission made specific recommendations for homeland security urging the agency to use th e ICS and unified command by end of October 2004 (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). The department of homeland was urged to support the program by funding and training all its officials in accordance with ICS and Unified command procedures (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). The second major recommendation proposed by the 9/11 commission is that the congress would pass legislation to ensure there was support and cooperation in all states as a future disaster plan. The legislation to be passed was to be long-term to ensure that the adoption of public security mutual aid national wide (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). The third, yet very important recommendation targeted the private sectors and individuals. The commission proposed the application of the American National Standard Institute’s (ANSI) recommendations for private emergency preparedness (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). In a statement, the commission said, â€Å"We believe that compliance with the standard should define the standard of care owed by a company to its employees and the public for legal purposes† (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). As such, emergency preparedness in all private sectors was not an option but a requirement that would serve to protect individuals against any form of disaster. In addition to these three recommendations, the commission also proposed a number of response strategies that would guarantee urgent situation preparedness. The report specifically requested the Congress to re-assess all existing federal emergency response resources (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). This recommendation was directed to the Congress because it has the command and power to influence all involved authorities to revise the existing policies.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lastly, the commission urged the Congress to tighten up measures in order to re-evaluate the emergency responder and national health program. This measure was to be effected considering that the public and responders (police and emergence agencies) had experienced a number of medical problems since the 9/11 terrorist attack (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). In addition, the congress was requested to carry out regular health assessment to public sectors. Analysis of the recommendations In order to assess whether the recommendations are necessary, the paper will look at each of the proposed solution one at a time. Adoption of the Incident Command System (ICS) According to the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks (9/11 commission), an effective disaster plan can only be achieved through full implementation of ICS by all emergency response bodies. For a long time now, the Incidence Command system (ICS) has been effective and helpful in responding to different disasters in different regions and units. In reality, terrorism has been named as one of the highest forms of security hazards in the world today. If truth be told, terrorism poses a big danger to American citizens and the entire world as well. In a situation where there is terrorism attack not only is the public at risk, but even responders are too (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). This is because other explosives resulting from the primary explosions also pose dangers to tragedy response team. However, with the adoption of ICS, all responders are protected. Nonetheless, all safety standards must be adhered to as inadequate coordination of crucial strategies may cause of safety hazards hence posing a great danger to responders. This is the reason why training is necessary for proper implementation of the recommendations. Is this proposal necessary? A proposal to adopt and fully implement the Incidence Command System would facilitate internal communications (National Commission on Terr orist Attacks). One major reason why 9/11 bombing was successful is that the intelligence department lacked adequate coordination and effective communication affecting emergency response (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). With application of ICS, it easy to overcome all challenges that hinder successful coordination and communication in times of crisis. As such, it is clear that recommendations campaigning for adoption of ICS are necessary and justifiable. This is also because 9/11 event brought confusion and lack of coordination among the emergency response personnel. With proper implementation of Incidence Command, the system can effectively improve and enhance collective security, enhance information distribution, and it can decrease levels of confusion to the respond emergency units. The ICS is effective in facilitating coordination of numerous response actions. Therefore, adoption of ICS is very imperative. Mutual Aid The commission requested the Congress to pass legis lation to facilitate mutual aid in all sectors (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). With the proposal, all states were integrated in the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) rules, which govern policies accepted by different states to smooth the progress of mutual aid provision whenever any form of disaster occurs (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). Under these policies, officers and Emergency Response Unit workers can offer other states assistance in case of a catastrophe. Is this proposal necessary? The proposal to facilitate adoption of mutual aid in all states is very necessary. This is because mutual aid is a basic essential resource in providing a wide range of solutions whenever a crisis of a huge magnitude occurs. Different states have different physical and financial capability to equip its region with appropriate resources necessary to respond to any form of disasters (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). Due to this imbalance, mutual aid hel ps bring equilibrium, maintain, and put adequate resources together to respond to any form of tragedy such as terrorism attack or floods among others. With mutual aid, states unite resources in the most effective way without incurring the costs of purchasing different emergency response resources. As such, the mutual aid program is cost effective. In addition to this, the â€Å"Mutual Aid system help package† all required crisis responses materials which can fit in different situations. It is also effective in that it entails coordination with other tragedy response units such as Federal Management Emergence Agency (FMEA). Certainly, the proposal to implement adoption of mutual aid is very necessary. ANSI Emergency preparedness standards The Commission urged the Department of Homeland Security to encourage implementation of ANSI standards as a procedure of emergency preparedness by all private divisions (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). The commission however clearl y said that this particular recommendation was deliberate and not mandatory. The commission stated that the Congress and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) had a duty to encourage all private sectors to adopt all proposed safety standards (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). Is this proposal necessary? The adoption of these policies is justifiable. It is estimated that about eighty five percent (85%) of all essential structures in the US belong or are owned by the private sectors (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). In case of any terrorism attack that is not aimed at government facilities or the military structures, the first groups of people who may provide help (responders) are more likely to be civilians. In such a situation, the DHS and national disaster preparedness team would definitely begin with the private divisions. Just before putting this recommendation forward, the commission had observed that most private sectors were inadequately unprepared for any f orm of terrorism. No doubt, lack of such preparedness in all private sectors posed and still poses a great risk to safety of thousands civilians. Over the years, â€Å"the National Standard for preparedness† has played a big role in ensuring that all private sectors implement the ANSI safety measures (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). With proper implementation of preparedness in all private sectors, adequate policies to evacuate people in terror attack facilities would be put in place, there would be increased communication capabilities with all involved stakeholders, and a continuity plan operation would be put in place too (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). Thus, the recommendations to adopt ANSI emergency preparedness standards are not only justifiable, but are also necessary. Conclusion Emergencies such as terrorism attack, Hurricanes, and Tsunamis are major causes of shock, confusion, and death to both the victims and responders. Because of the outcome s associated with disasters, there is a great need to develop and implement an effective disaster management plan to ensure any forms of tragedies are well catered for before they even happen. Experts and researchers have argued that lack of coordination and insufficiency in emergency management plan were major reasons why a big damage was incurred and thousands of lives were lost in the 9-11 terrorism attack. To avoid such a situation in the future, the National Commission on Terrorism Attack was formed (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). After an extensive investigation, the commission made recommendations that would help the US government to â€Å"protect against and prepare for terrorist attacks† (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks). The proposed changes targeted both public and private sectors urging them to increase and improve their emergency capability to effectively deal or rather respond smoothly to any other form of disaster in future days. In this es say, all the recommendations have been discussed looking at the implications and application of each proposed change. After carefully evaluating the benefits associated with all recommended changes, this paper concludes that indeed all the proposed changes are necessary and therefore warranted. Works Cited National Commission on Terrorist Attacks (NCTA). The 9/11 Commission Report. 2004. Web. http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/index.htm This essay on Emergency Management in US was written and submitted by user Aditya Morales to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Taking Home The Wrong Message Essay Example

Taking Home The Wrong Message Essay Example Taking Home The Wrong Message Essay Taking Home The Wrong Message Essay How many times have you been cautioned of eating too many saturated fats? Manfully increase your risk of heart disease! Youll be diagnosed with diabetes if you dont stray away from those dreadful things! This has been the message from the U. S government since 1970. An article published in Scientific American by Melinda Moyer, noted that recently however, a spate of new research, including a meta- analysis of nearly two dozen studies, suggests Researchers were pointing their fingers at the wrong culprit (Moyer 19). In the article, Moyer offers three studies in which she attempts to pin refined carbohydrates as the guilty party threatening the heart. These studies seem to appeal mostly toward the female gender, rather than the population as a whole. For example, directing ones attention like so can raise questions from readers like, Why does this apply to me? This can make the articles purpose unclear, confusing, and ultimately misleading to readers if they are unable to identify with it. The first study that Moyer presents is very general. It could easily be understood by both men and woman and equally appeals to both groups. The study, overseen by Ronald M. Krause, combines nearly 350,000 peoples daily food intake over a period of almost 23 years and compares their risk of developing cardiovascular heart disease. Karakuls findings were extremely contradictory to the old logic because he found no association between the amount of saturated fat consumed and the risk of heart disease (Moyer 19). The biggest issue with the old logic being found now is that bad cholesterol is not the greatest predator of risk so to speak. The study could have easily included men and women, and the findings loud be applied to help both sexes. The next study that the author offers readers is very similar to the first study. Meir Stauffer, professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health, co-authored a study that followed three hundred twenty-two moderately obese individuals for two years as they adopted one of three diets; a low-fat calories restricted diet; a Mediterranean restricted-calorie diet high in vegetables and low in red meat; or a low-carbohydrate, restricted-calorie diet. His findings were that the individuals who ate the low-Carr diet had the highest Asia of saturated fat ended up losing twice as much weight as their counterparts (Moyer 20). This study, much like the first, has the ability to interest both men and women. The study of three hundred twenty-two people could have included a mix of the sexes, therefore allowing all to incorporate these findings into their lifestyles. Streamers findings ultimately mean that saturated arent so bad for us and it indicates that carbohydrates could be worse for everyone. And finally, the third study that Moyer offers readers was once again led by Meir Stauffer. In 1997 he co- authored in the Journal of the American Medical Association which evaluated sixty- five thousand women and they were able to find the percentage of women who had the highest glycerin index. Those with the highest index were forty-seven percent more likely to acquire type 2 diabetes than those with the lowest glycerin index score. This trend may be explained by the effect that high glycerin-index carbohydrates have on blood glucose, which stimulates fat production as well as inflammation (Moyer 21). Unlike the first and second study that Moyer presents be helpful and resourceful to the male gender, it doesnt necessarily apply to them. In conclusion, these studies seem to appeal more toward the female gender, rather than the population as a whole. The first study, a very general study, can be applied to everyone, both man and woman. The second study goes a little more in depth, but sticks with the idea that the findings can be applied to everyones life. And finally the third study, conducted with all women and no men, has the ability to capture the interest of mostly women. Although the findings could be found useful and interesting to a man, it would be imprecise how the study could be applied to him.

Describe the kind of preception suggested in 'A Child's view of Essay

Describe the kind of preception suggested in 'A Child's view of colour' and 'Metaphors on Vision' and relate that to your percep - Essay Example In the essay, â€Å"From Metaphors on Vision,† Stan Brakhage confirms the power and beauty of perception that is unfettered by logic. Like Benjamin, Brakhage asserts that infants, who have not yet acquired human logic, possess the purest perceptions because they have not learned the meaning of fear. These notions of â€Å"perception† are applied on Lynne Ramsay’s 1999 film, Ratcatcher. Ratcatcher demonstrates the different visions of a good life from the viewpoints of the director, children, and the audience because of their varied, potentially conflicting, perceptions of images that are caused by differences in how these three groups perceive, understand, and express the film’s colours, sounds, composition, and sequences. Before going through the claims of the essay, an overview of the film is essential to understanding its elements. The setting of the film is Glasgow in 1973. During this time, Glasgow suffers from poor housing conditions that are worsene d when the garbage collectors go on strike. Because of the strike, garbage accumulates and pollutes the surroundings. The government balances numerous priorities, as it pursues a development program that includes a housing project and seeks to resolve the problem of the garbage workers going on strike. James Gillespie (William Eadie) is the main protagonist of the film, where he and his family are waiting to be re-housed in one of the newly built apartments of the government (Ratcatcher). James’ friend is Ryan Quinn (Thomas McTaggart), who is supposed to visit his father in jail. Instead of going to his father, Ryan plays with James (Ratcatcher). Their rough play has resulted to Ryan’s drowning in the canal. James feels guilty because he has not alarmed the neighbours of what happened, and instead, he runs away. James has other friends, Margaret Anne (Leanne Mullen) and Kenny (John Miller), who all have their personal issues. The rough boys in the neighbourhood make fu n of Kenny and Margaret Anne, while also sexually abusing the latter. The military arrives to clean the rubbish in the area, but somehow, James feels that only the outside aspect of their social dilemma is cleansed. He jumps into the canal and commits suicide, while the film ends with the vision of his family relocating to their new house. To begin the analysis of â€Å"perception,† Ratcatcher illustrates the perception of the director of a good life that can be described as limited and delimiting. The difference between limited and delimiting is that limited pertains to the film as it is, a limited view of life, while delimiting pertains to the intentions and biases of the director that affect what can be included and not included in the elements of the film. The director controls the camera, which, as a tool of perception, can only include a semblance of reality. In the bus scene, where James runs away and rides a bus, he sees mounds of trash from the bus windows (Ratcatche r). The bus windows are similar to the camera. It can only catch what is in front of it without fully covering everything and without completely conveying what the presence and absence of images mean. The scene exposes the limitations of the camera as an eye for the director, and in connection, to the viewers. Brakhage states that the camera can only capture so much, as it superimposes images on one another and attempts to cover varied motions and emotions (122). He argues that the camera eye is a limited peek into the world.

Short critical refelction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Short critical refelction paper - Essay Example I know many teenagers who can download movies, post to Facebook, find a YouTube video and more, but the minute they need to learn something there is a lack of knowledge. Am I wrong here? What would the author of the textbook say? Explain. Without a doubt, with every new interface and technology innovation comes a lack of knowledge even amongst teens. However, teens are more likely to take interest in these things and investigate these matters even more. Hence, teenagers become experts at the technological sphere. Most teenagers learn something through other friend and through trial and error. In addition, most teenagers lack the ideals of coding, C++ and other key computer languages that make social networking susceptible. Some teenagers even feel threatened with the new technology and are reluctant to adapt it. The younger generation is not tech savvy as expected as they will miss out on some key pieces of essential information that comes with new technology. The author of the textbook agrees with all the principles and insists that there is a culture difference and not an age factor. The advent of the 21st century has no doubt made improvements in technology. However, crimes have also become more sophisticated as well. Gaining access to information has become drastically happy. Personal information can be easily fallen in the wrong hands which can be detrimental to individuals. The major types of cybercrime can be fraud and identity theft. Identity theft occurs to 9.91 million Americans whose losses accumulated to a hefty $52.6 billion. In order to prevent identity theft, it is critical that one does not provide personal information to unreliable sources. Furthermore, a user must be aware of phishing and other suspicious email that asks individuals of personal information. Lastly, there are many scams that are also available in popular sites such as craigslist and careerbuilder. Most of these scams do not give their name or a telephone number.

Globalization and the gains from international trade Essay - 1

Globalization and the gains from international trade - Essay Example Using certain assumptions, Samuelson concluded that although it cannot be illustrated that everyone stands to gain under free trade, it can nevertheless, be proven that no one could be any less worse (Kemp 1995, pp. 3-4). According to him, in a free system, both production and consumption always end up higher than those in autarkic states. A free trade society is better off since the trade frontier rises high above the autarkic frontier on all aspects implying that it can obtain more all of such goods minus some of the tedious inputs (Samuelson 1962, pp. 820-821). Kemp believes that gains in free trade is evinced only if none of the countries within the globalised system is worse off than those in smaller customs unions. Free trade, according to him, is just one of the integral characteristics of globalisation that ultimately gives rise to more global development (Kemp1987). Kemp (1962) expanded on Samuelson’s theory by proving that GTIF is applicable to countries of whatever size under similar assumptions. Using the equation p1 z1 – w1 a1 ? p1 z0 - w1 a0, Kemp concluded that it is impossible to make everyone better off by a mere redistribution of goods under autarky and illustrated, using the same utility curves employed by Samuelson, that free trade is better than autarky (see Fig. 2). ... Point pp also passes below u1 because it operates under autarkic condition, but point RR, which operates under free-trade, can neither lie inside autarkic levels. In sum, the GFTIP has four core theories, assuming a fixed market with finite numbers of individuals and commodities: free trade is better than no trade, whether an economy is small or big; any improvement in trade is beneficial in the case of small open economies; trade in further products is likewise beneficial for small open economies, and; a relationship involving any trade agreement is mutually beneficial for any subset of trading countries (Kemp 1995, p. 105). ii) Carefully explain and annotate the proof of the classical GFITP provided by Grandmont and McFadden (1972). Why is this proof generally regarded as the first satisfactory proof of the classical gains from international trade proposition? The first satisfactory and complete proof of the classical GFITP is believed to be that propounded by Grandmont and McFadde n in 1972. The reason for the long lag of time between proposition and proof lies in technicality: the absence of a lump sum compensated world before World War II (Kemp and Wan 1972). Grandmont and McFadden proved that autarkic countries can subsequently evolve into free trade without harming their consumers through internal financing to ensure, at least, that consumers are not worse off than before. With the classical GFITP reduced into Propositions A and B, Grandmont and McFadden developed a model to prove their validity (1972, p. 110). In the Grandmont-McFadden model, both Propositions A and B assume decentralised and multiple-consumers nations with competitive domestic markets. Proposition A states that â€Å"Given a world competitive trade

Its The Beauty Pageants Media Essay

Its The Beauty Pageants Media Essay By definition, the beauty pageant is a competition in which young women are judged by physical appearance alone. As the old saying goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Beauty, as determined by a panel of judges (the beholders), means that someone who is considered attractive to one person may not necessarily appeal to another, and it allows judges to set the standard of what is beautiful or not. If this was a perfect world, maybe everyone would follow the wise words of this old saying and admit that evaluating beauty is only a matter of personal taste and contemporary standards and trends. However, society often turns every aspect of a persons life into a competition. The beauty pageant is perhaps one competition society could do without. Beauty pageants are an unnecessary entertainment of society because they set unrealistic beauty standards for an audience of easily influenced young women, they encourage judging a persons worth based on appearance only, rather than on a persons character, and they objectify young women. In the world of beauty pageants, there is only one kind of beauty. This one kind of beauty is Barbie: tall, long-legged, tiny waist, straight white teeth, long thick hair. These beauty pageants can be misleading and harmful, not only to women without this body type, but to society as a whole. The standard that beauty pageants strive for is not an all-encompassing idea of beauty, but one that is shallow and looks only at a womans physical appearance. Beauty pageant organizers have striven for years to ensure that contestants have an opportunity to show their skills before they are crowned a beauty queen, but the reality is that a woman not fitting the physical standards of beauty competition would nev er be considered to enter a competition. Beauty pageants promote the idea that looks are superior to a persons abilities, feelings and heart. These young women are judged only on the basis of physical appearance. The talent component of competition just does not have much weight simply because an ugly person (a person who does not have a body fitting with the accepted standards of the time) could never win a competition, and often would not compete at all. Judging young women primarily on their looks takes important character developments out of focus because other qualities, such as intelligence, are not seen as part of ideal femininity and therefore not as things to which women should aspire. Miss USA 2002 went to a tall, blonde Texas woman who won the crowd when she stated that education was important and that you can tell if someone has an education by looking at them (Cornforth, 1). Perhaps her intent was to promote the value of education, but the statement instead implied that important character traits and intelligence can be summed up by a glance. (Dont judge a book by its cover, to use another familiar saying.) Young women are judged mainly on their physical appearance, while their personal qualities and talents are not judged. Beauty pageants include quizzes in which the contestants show their intelligence by answering questions that are really just demonstrations of adhering to the social norms of the time. These questions are always very simple, broad questions involving current issues such as health care, gay marriage, and abortion. The contestants are discouraged from answering in a way that demonstrates their own personal opinions; if a girl is on a stage being evaluated by a panel of liberal judges in front of a liberal audience, she would never speak against gay marriage or abortion, but would give the answer that would most likely please the crowd. In this way, she is only learning to give the popular answer and not analyze what her own beliefs are, and then learn to defend those beliefs. Beauty pageants are misleading to young women. Very few women are born with a body that fits the current standard of beauty. A majority of young women dont have a body which adheres to the current social standard of the time. These young women tend to be viewed as plain but they can clean up and look beautiful but they cannot stand the pressure. After watching beauty pageants, plain young women often lower their self esteem (these young women dont do this on purpose) and some young women then try to make themselves look more attractive. Besides, for beauty pageants winners, their success often gives them the need to do after ward is to keep up and improve their physical beauty (physical body), and as a result many no longer live up to further education or other ways of professional development. Beauty pageants strongly promote the negative aspect that young women are seen as objects of sexual interest. These contests fail to challenge harmful political attitudes to young women. They do nothing to aid the liberation of young women. By promoting looks as the most important feminine quality, they harm young womens liberation in general. On the 17th of February the Campus National Organization for Women protested the Miss MAO Beauty Pageant (Gats, 1). They handed out four-hundred protest flyers which stated their disgust with Florida Blue Key and the University of Florida for holding a sexist pageant where women must be checked out in swimsuits and parade themselves in skin-tight evening gowns in order to be awarded scholarship money. (Gats, 1) In this way, beauty pageants encourage young women to see and promote themselves as an object (like a car) to be judged by men. Beauty pageants hurt young women by treating them as objects held up to a strict standard of beauty, a standa rd that is painful, time consuming, and expensive for young women to try to achieve. Beauty pageants can be misleading by having young women lower their personal standards of sexuality. At what age is it appropriate for a young woman to be called sexy? Young women have a huge role model role in a little girl. Little girls look up to these young women because they are beautiful, if these young women are wearing immodest clothes to be sexy, then these little girls will want to do the same. These little girls should not be worried about trying to be sexy, they should enjoy a healthy childhood as girls who are developing talents and interests and whose worth is evaluated by their poise, intelligence, hard work, kindness, and grace. Beauty pageants are well promoted by the media with television and images, which influence young womens opinions on appearance. The participants of these pageants are poor role models for these young women as they set a standard for an almost unhealthy body weight, unrealistic breast size, and flawless complexion standards. Only a small minority of women can realistically achieve this ideal female body. The media pressures all young women to conform which can encourage unhealthy dieting and eating disorders, tanning, cosmetic surgery, and simply to keep working to achieve unrealistic, temporary goals that often have irreversible damages. An article, titled Thoughts about Miss Teen USA, out of a local American magazine was written by a young women teen in 2005, who had just watched Miss Teen on NBC. Her wrap up of the beauty pageant was; White teeth. White teeth. Prom-style dress. Blonde. White teeth. Blonde. Chandelier earrings. Tan. Blonde. Tan. Strapless gown. followed by, Thats al l you need to know (Callow, 1). The statement made by this young women teen is not one that is from a minority. She is one of thousands that view this as the norm for a woman of beauty. It is not healthy or realistic for a young woman to think there is one type of beauty or one type of accepted body. It is harmful and could lead to both physical and emotional damage. The media has so many affects of young women; they wish to be as perfect as the beauty queen on television, magazines, and internet. These young women will do anything it takes to become the next beauty queen, even it causes them to go on diets or get plastic surgery. In a high percentage of Hollywood films, even those in which the young woman should be portrayed as a strong willed, independent heroine, usually feature young women being played off as sex objects. Though there is nothing wrong with a woman being classified as sexy, it should not be the main focus. One made of uniqueness, intelligence and charm is what should be promoted. Movies such as Lara Croft: Tomb Raider and Charlies Angels send the same message to young woman that beauty pageants do, which is that only one kind of body is acceptable. This is harmful to a majority of young women as beauty pageants are encouraging men to treat them as an object rather than young women with opinions and uniqueness. Joel Yager, M.D. writes: Every society has a way of torturing its women, whether by binding their feet or by sticking them into whalebone corsets. What contemporary American culture has come up with is designer jeans. (94). With media pressuring young women to be thin and a millions of dollars spent towards dieting, higher rates of eating disorders in the population are growing (Gats, 2). Many beauty pageant contestants suffer from some form of eating disorder. Anorexia (starvation to loose weight) and bulimia (binge eating) are the two main eating disorders. Young women who suffer from anorexia have the fear of being fat so severe that they starve themselves to weight loss, often leading to death (Gats, 2). Even when anorexic young women are thin, they think of themselves too fat. A low self esteem causes them to fear even taking a small amount of food. Bulimia is binge eating that following a pattern such as, eating compulsively and then throwing it up. After a binge young women eats, they try to control themselves by throwing up their food through vomiting. Young women have extreme habits of both eating and exercising. Ideally, beauty pageants should be healthy role models, but this is not the case. To be beautiful in the world means that a young woman never feels decent about herself, she is always putting herself down. If a woman does not see her body as acceptable, she will often be driven to change it, and these changes are often drastic. Plastic surgery can be used to alter any body part: the breasts, lips, thighs, and stomach are among the most popular. Plastic surgery can be especially harmful to adolescents. When a young women have plastic surgery done at such a early age, the risk for diseases such as breast cancer are extremely high. Many young women are striving to look their best, and they feel that plastic surgery is the only way to go. They do not stop to think about the long-term consequences of the surgery. They want instant results, meaning that they will often pay thousands of dollars to alter bodies that had nothing wrong them in the first place. The promotion of this single standard of physical beauty is harmful to women everywhere because it discourages girls to love the body they are born with. The simple and realistic truth is that there are some physical aspects of a persons body that are impossible to change, and promoting the tall, slim, supermodel figure as being the only accepted body type excludes different styles. Every year more than one million people are diagnosed with skin cancer in the United States. Despite this fact, hundreds of thousands of people routinely visit tanning salons (Cornforth, 1). Tanning beds generally give off 93% to 99% UVA radiation (Cornforth, 1). This is three times the UVA radiation given off by the sun! Over time, the effects of too much UVA exposure can lead to many different problems such as eye damage, immune system changes, wrinkles and premature aging of the skin, and skin cancers. The most common cancer is malignant melanoma, it is the deadliest form and its degree is flat out rising in young women under 40 (Cornforth, 1). Beauty pageants are an unnecessary element in society because they set unrealistic beauty standards for an audience. There are beauty pageants out there which attempt to create a judgment of well-balanced young women. These sorts of competitions are trying to promote the intelligence mixed with beauty side, which should be heavily commended. However, beauty pageants in which beauty is emphasized as a solitary basis for winning are dangerous and harmful to society. Young women are fragile, as they try to find a place for themselves in this world. When someone sees the pain of a young women struggling with eating disorders, hears a young women beg to convince her parents to allow her to get plastic surgery because they cant stand a certain part of their body, it can be concluded that beauty pageants do a great disservice to the winners, the losers, and all children. Personal hope would be that an organization such as to find a better way to lift up the spirit of our young women. WORK CITED: Gats, Thomas. Are Beauty Pageants Harmful?. October 27, 2008 >. Cornforth, Tracee. Are Indoor Tanning Booths Safe?. September 09, 2009 . Callow, Clare. How Beauty Contests Harmful. Septemeber 10, 2009: 2004.

The role of culture in the economic development of countries Essay

Introduction: The role of culture in the economic development of countries is often overlooked by economists, yet it can significantly affect a country’s economic development. Culture generates assets, such as skills, products, expression, and insight that contribute to the social and economic well being of the community. I will show the benefit of culture’s impact on economic development through tourism, social capital, and corporate governance. In contrast, culture can produce negative outcomes in economic development. Cultural issues, such as gender inequality, lack of social capital, and diminishing cultural heritages, contribute to a downgrading economy. To understand culture’s impact on a country’s economic development, it is important to understand what culture is: a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living (Hill 98). Furthermore, it is about the way the people live, and how the quality of their lives can be improved. It shapes â€Å"the way things are done† and our understanding of why this should be so. Culture is concerned with identity, aspiration, symbolic exchange, coordination, and structures and practices that serve relational ends, such as ethnicity, rituals, heritage, norms, meanings, and beliefs. It is not a set of primitive wonders permanently embedded within national, religious, or other groups, but rather a set of contested attributes, constantly changing, both shaping and being shaped by social and economic aspects of human interaction. Economic development is fundamentally about enhancing the factors of productive capacity, such as land, labor, capital, and technology, of a national, state, or local economy, as stated by the U.S. Economic Development Administration. Economic development influences growth and restructuring of an economy to enhance economic well-being. We experience economic growth when our standard of living is rising. Rather than being a simplistic process, economic development typically is a range of influences aimed at achieving objectives like creating jobs and wealth and improving the quality of life. It incorporates coordinated initiatives targeted at expanding infrastructure and increasing the volume and/or quality of goods and services produced by a community. A common measure of economic development is a country’s gross national ... ...Business Today. 3rd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2004. Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Pablo Zoido-Lobaton. Governance Matters. The World Bank Development Research Group Macroeconomics and Growth and World Bank Institute Governance, Regulation and Finance, October 1999. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Improving Business Behavior: Why we need Corporate Governance. Oct. 2004. OECD. The National Conference of State Legislatures. Cultural Policy Working Group. Investing In Culture: Innovations In State Policy. The National Conference of State Legislatures: 2003. â€Å"Tourism sector plays key role in economic development.† Economics. Radio the Voice of Vietnam. 2004 United Nations. Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advancement of Women. Gender Mainstreaming. United Nations: Oct. 2004 United States. Department of Commerce. Economic Development Administration. United States: May 2002. Woolcock, Michael, and Deepa Narayan. Social Capital: Implications for Development Theory, Research, and Policy. World Bank, Jan 1999. World Bank. Gender and Development Group. Gender Equality and the Millennium Development Goals. 4 April 2003 The role of culture in the economic development of countries Essay Introduction: The role of culture in the economic development of countries is often overlooked by economists, yet it can significantly affect a country’s economic development. Culture generates assets, such as skills, products, expression, and insight that contribute to the social and economic well being of the community. I will show the benefit of culture’s impact on economic development through tourism, social capital, and corporate governance. In contrast, culture can produce negative outcomes in economic development. Cultural issues, such as gender inequality, lack of social capital, and diminishing cultural heritages, contribute to a downgrading economy. To understand culture’s impact on a country’s economic development, it is important to understand what culture is: a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living (Hill 98). Furthermore, it is about the way the people live, and how the quality of their lives can be improved. It shapes â€Å"the way things are done† and our understanding of why this should be so. Culture is concerned with identity, aspiration, symbolic exchange, coordination, and structures and practices that serve relational ends, such as ethnicity, rituals, heritage, norms, meanings, and beliefs. It is not a set of primitive wonders permanently embedded within national, religious, or other groups, but rather a set of contested attributes, constantly changing, both shaping and being shaped by social and economic aspects of human interaction. Economic development is fundamentally about enhancing the factors of productive capacity, such as land, labor, capital, and technology, of a national, state, or local economy, as stated by the U.S. Economic Development Administration. Economic development influences growth and restructuring of an economy to enhance economic well-being. We experience economic growth when our standard of living is rising. Rather than being a simplistic process, economic development typically is a range of influences aimed at achieving objectives like creating jobs and wealth and improving the quality of life. It incorporates coordinated initiatives targeted at expanding infrastructure and increasing the volume and/or quality of goods and services produced by a community. A common measure of economic development is a country’s gross national ... ...Business Today. 3rd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2004. Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Pablo Zoido-Lobaton. Governance Matters. The World Bank Development Research Group Macroeconomics and Growth and World Bank Institute Governance, Regulation and Finance, October 1999. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Improving Business Behavior: Why we need Corporate Governance. Oct. 2004. OECD. The National Conference of State Legislatures. Cultural Policy Working Group. Investing In Culture: Innovations In State Policy. The National Conference of State Legislatures: 2003. â€Å"Tourism sector plays key role in economic development.† Economics. Radio the Voice of Vietnam. 2004 United Nations. Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advancement of Women. Gender Mainstreaming. United Nations: Oct. 2004 United States. Department of Commerce. Economic Development Administration. United States: May 2002. Woolcock, Michael, and Deepa Narayan. Social Capital: Implications for Development Theory, Research, and Policy. World Bank, Jan 1999. World Bank. Gender and Development Group. Gender Equality and the Millennium Development Goals. 4 April 2003

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Essay

I decided to write my paper about the coagulation system, including clot formation, but mainly about Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, also known as DIC, is a pathological activation of blood clotting mechanisms that may happen in response to a variety of diseases, or illnesses. However, DIC, is most commonly observed in severe sepsis and septic shock. DIC is not a specific illness, rather it is a complication or an effect of the progression of other illnesses or diseases. (Porth, 2011). When the body becomes injured, certain proteins in your blood become activated and travel to the injury site to help stop bleeding and control hemostasis. Hemostasis is the normal process of sealing off a blood vessel to prevent blood loss and hemorrhage. It is abnormal when it fails to appropriately clot the blood, or when this clotting is insufficient to stop the bleeding. Following an injury, there is an immediate vessel spasm that promotes vasoconstri ction, which tries to diminish the blood flow. Collagen from the damaged site, releases platelets which adhere to the damaged vessel, and there, they undergo degranulation and release cytoplasmic granules, ADP, Thromboxane A2, and Serotonin which is a vasoconstrictor. The ADP then attracts more platelets to the area, and the Thromboxane A2 promotes platelet aggregation, degranulation, and even more vasoconstriction. This process promotes the formation of a platelet plug. The damaged tissue now releases Factor III (3), which, with the aid of Ca++, will activate Factor VII (7), which initiates the extrinsic mechanism of clotting. Factor XII (12), which comes from active platelets, will activate Factor XI (11), which initiates the intrinsic mechanism. Both active Factors VII (7), and active Factors XI (11), promote a cascade-like reaction, eventually activating Factor X (10). Activating Factor X (10), along with Factor III (3), V (5), Ca++, and Platelet Thromboplastic Factor, all activate prothrombin. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin.Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin. Fibrin initially forms a loose mesh, but then Factor XIII, (13) causes the formation of cross link-like structures, which convert fibrin into denser fibers. Platelets and red blood cells become caught up in this mesh of fiber, and the end result is the formation of a blood clot. (Liebman, et al, 2008). Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, as stated earlier, leads to the formation of small blood clots inside the blood vessels, and may occur in 30-50% of patients with sepsis. It develops in an estimated 1% of all hospitalized patients. DIC occurs at all ages and in all races, and no particular sex predisposition has been noted. (Matsuda, 1996). As stated above, that massive activation of the cascade-like reaction as a normal clotting mechanism, now causes a generation of microthrombi to release that make vessels occlude and leads to tissue ischemia. All these clot formations devour the available coagulation proteins and platelets. They become depleted and severe hemorrhage may result. The common bleeding sites are the mouth, nose and venipuncture sites. There is extensive bruising, and multiple organ failure. Laboratory findings show the PT and APTT are usually very prolonged and the fibrinogen level is markedly reduced. High levels of fibrin degradation products are noted. There is severe thrombocytopenia. The only effective treatment is reversing the underlying cause. Platelets may be transfused if counts are less than 5-10,000/mm and massive hemorrhage is occurring. Fresh frozen plasma can also be administered in an attempt to replenish the coagulation factors, though these are only temporary measures and may result in an increased development of even more thrombi. The prognosis varies depending on the cause and extent of the intravascular thrombosis. For patients with DIC, regardless of the cause, it is often sad, and between 10% and 50% of these patients will die. DIC with sepsis has a significantly higher rate of death than DIC that is associated with trauma. References Leibman, H.A., Weitz, I.C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. In:Hoffman, R., Benz, E.J., Shattil, S.S., et al, eds. Hematology:Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, Elsevier, Churchill, Livingstone; 2008: 132. Matsuda, T. Clinical aspects of DIC-disseminated intravascular coagulation. Pol Journal of Pharmacology. Jan-Feb 1996;48(1):73-5. [Medline]. Porth Mattson, C. 2011. Essentials of Pathophysiology. (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa:Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. Schafer, A. I. Hemorrhagic disorders:disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver failure, and vitamin K deficiency. In:Goldman, L., Ausiello D. eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, Elsevier, Churchill, Livingstone; 2008:chap 181.

General General Questions Essay

Post-Lab Questions: 1. Restate your hypothesis. Was it confirmed or denied? How do you know? 1. What affects did each of the contaminants have on the water in the experiment? Which contaminant seemed to have the most potent effect on the water? 1. On a larger scale, what type of affects would these contaminants have on a town’s water source and the people who drank the water? 1. What type of human activity would cause contaminants like oil, acid and detergents to flow into the water supply? 1. What other items within your house do you believe could contaminate the water supply if you were to dump them into the ground? Try using your knowledge to earn extra money while at school. Tutoring high school students or other college students can be a great opportunity. It is important to promote yourself as much as possible to bring in business. You can find local tutors on the Internet. This paperwork of SCI 207 Week 2 Laboratory 1 shows the solutions to the following problems: The purpose of this lab is to learn more about how connected you are to the ecosystems and biosphere that you inhabit. You will learn how your everyday choices contribute to the human impacts on our environment you General Questions – General General Questions Lab 2 – Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination Post-Lab Questions: 1. Restate your hypothesis. Was it confirmed or denied? How do y†¦ To download this material Click this link – https://bitly.com/1xpzVt4 Try using your knowledge to earn extra money while at school. Tutoring high school students or other college students can be a great opportunity. It is important to promote yourself as much as possible to bring in business. You can find local tutors on the Internet. General Questions – General General Questions Lab 2 – Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination Post-Lab Questions: 1. Restate your hypothesis. Was it confirmed or denied? How do you know? 1. What affects did each of the contaminants have on the water in the experiment? Which contaminant seemed to have the most potent effect on the water? 1. On a larger scale, what type of affects would these contaminants have on a town’s water source and the people who drank the water? 1. What type of human activity would cause contaminants like oil, acid and detergents to flow into the water supply? 1. What other items within your house do you believe could contaminate the water supply if you were to dump them into the ground? †¦

Mexico CitysTlatelolco Massacre

Mexico City'sTlatelolco Massacre One of the ugliest and most tragic incidents in the modern history of Latin America took place on Oct. 2, 1968, when hundreds of unarmed Mexicans, most of them student protesters, were gunned down by government police and Mexican army forces in a gruesome bloodbath that still haunts Mexicans. Background For months preceding the incident, protesters, again most of them students, had been taking to the streets to bring the attention of the world to Mexicos repressive government, led by President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz. The protesters were demanding autonomy for universities, the firing of the police chief and the release of political prisoners. Dà ­az Ordaz, in an effort to stop the protests, had ordered the occupation of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the countrys largest university, in Mexico City. Student protesters saw the upcoming 1968 Summer Olympics, to be held in Mexico City, as the perfect way to bring their issues to a worldwide audience. The Tlatelolco Massacre   On the day of Oct.2, thousands of students marched throughout the capital, and around nightfall, about 5,000 of them congregated at La Plaza de Las Tres Culturas in the district of Tlatelolco for what was expected to be another peaceful rally. But armored cars and tanks quickly surrounded the plaza, and the police began firing into the crowd. Estimates of casualties vary from the official line of four dead and 20 wounded into the thousands, although most historians place the number of casualties somewhere between 200 and 300. Some of the protesters managed to get away, while others took refuge in homes and apartments surrounding the square. A door-to-door search by authorities yielded some of these protesters. Not all of the victims of the Tlatelolco Massacre were protesters; many were simply passing through and in the wrong place at the wrong time. The Mexican government immediately claimed that security forces had been fired upon first and that they were only shooting in self-defense. Whether the security forces fired first or the protesters incited the violence is a question that remains unanswered decades later. Lingering Effects In recent years, however, changes in government have made it possible for a closer look into the reality of the massacre. The then-minister of the interior, Luà ­s Echeverrà ­a Alvarez, was indicted on genocide charges in 2005 in connection with the incident, but the case was later thrown out. Movies and books about the incident have come out, and interest is high in Mexicos Tiananmen Square. Today, its still a powerful subject in Mexican life and politics, and many Mexicans see it as the beginning of the end for the dominant political party, PRI, and also the day the Mexican people stopped trusting their government.

Self Education Expenses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Self Education Expenses - Essay Example Her assert for a deduction is consequently restrained to the first branch of s 8-1(1) which allows loss or outgoing deductible to the extent that; It is adequate if the claimed expending is made "in the course of" gaining or giving rise to the taxpayer's measurable income (Ronpibon Tin NL v Federal Commissioner of Taxation) (www.taxmatrix.com.au) In the present case also it was proved that, what was creative of computable income was the Taxpayer's qualification to receive the Youth Allowance and having continued that qualification all through the appropriate period by fulfilling the activity test. The agreement of that trial, in turn, necessitated her to be entered in a course of education at an educational institution, to be taking on at least three-quarters of the usual amount of full-time study in value of the pertinent course for the period in question and to allow the Secretary to form the judgment that she was making acceptable progress for finishing the course. Actually in the present case, the taxpayer was not employed as a teacher nor was she employed in any other applicable capacity. These expenses were met by her in the course of qualifying for a Teacher's Higher Certificate. The tribunal stated that the applicant was required to be enrolled and make progress in full time study so that she is entitled to receive Youth Allowance. Under such circumstances the costs which she incurred in the course of her studies were allowable as a deduction. The fact that the applicant was enrolled at the Australian Catholic University was "a course of education at an educational institution" pursuant to s541B(5) of the SSA was agreed. The Federal court allowed the expenses in the present case to be deductible on the following grounds: (www.taxmatrix.com.au): a. Such expenditure was supplementary or essential to her gaining Youth Allowance. b. The Commonwealth was paying the taxpayer the Youth Allowance since she was a student; not for studying per se. c. The indispensable character of the taxpayer's expenditure lay in it been incurred in taking on her studies so as to allow her to discharge her course of study and acquire successive employment as a teacher; and d. The expenses were related to or supplementary to the taxpayer's course of study and not to the benefiting or getting of Youth Allowance income. 2. As the ATO is considering whether to appeal this decision, what legal arguments can it put forward in support of such an appeal Critically analyze whether you think these arguments will succeed if the decision is appealed. [Approx 1,000 words] Self education expenses to derive Youth Allowance income is an allowable deduction as ruled in the case of Anstis v FCT. The federal court had held that self education expenditure can be claimed by a taxpayer as deductible expenses. But such expenses had to be incurred as a necessity and also derived as an incident of computable income. In the case mentioned supra the assessable income was the Youth Allowance. In the present case the assessee claimed for a deduction of $920.00 for work-related self-education expenses. The law of Australia lays down that a taxpayer can claim deduction of self education

SAINT AUGUSTINE'S CONFESSION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SAINT AUGUSTINE'S CONFESSION - Essay Example First, Monica’s outstanding obedience to her husband influenced Augustines conversion. Second, Monica introduced her son to Ambrose, who would later baptize him. Finally, Monica compelled and encouraged Augustine to attend school that shaped his life and would culminate in him becoming a priest. Monica played a significant role in the conversion of Patricius (Augustine’s father) and Augustine. Initially, both Patricius and Augustine were not believing in Christ but finally were saved through the influence of Monica. Monica prayed to God on behalf of her husband’s soul and Augustine. Augustine recounted that Monica, â€Å"With a pure heart and faith in you she even more lovingly travailed in labor for my eternal salvation.†1 This follows that Monica vowed not to stop at nothing but to see a Catholic Christian Augustine. The mother took time praying and laboring while serving the Lord so as to send grace upon his son and get saved. Augustine wonders how his parents lived harmoniously with each other. Monica was a God fearing individual and served her husband as her lord with care to her children. Her virtuous traits bear witness to the Christian life, which make a strong impression on Augustine. She significantly inspires Augustine to grow as a God fearin g individual ultimately leading to his Christian conversion. My physical mother was distraught. With a pure hear and faith in you she even more lovingly travailed in labor for my eternal salvation. She hastily made arrangements for me to be initiated and washed in the sacraments of salvation, confessing you, Lord Jesus, for remission of sins. But suddenly I recovered. My cleansing was deferred on the assumption that, if I lived, I would be sure to soil myself; and after that solemn washing the quilt would be greater and more dangerous if then defiled myself with sins2. From the block quote above, we further realize how Monica was determined to ensure his son did not die a sinner.